4) Nasolacrimal duct. deep pressure and vibration: lamellar (Pacinian) corpus- cles, in reticular layer. - Exposure to acid on the skin Osmoreceptors respond to solute concentrations of body fluids. d. Tactile corpuscles photoreceptor: A specialized neuron able to detect and react to light. _____ corpuscles in the dermis detect pressure, whereas _____ corpuscles in the dermis detect fine touch. For example, a molecule in food can serve as a ligand for taste receptors. Like Merkels disks, Meissners corpuscles are not as plentiful in the palms as they are in the fingertips. -Cochlea The epidermis serves as a barrier to water and to invasion by pathogens. 7. basilar membrane, What ion is responsible for depolarization of hair cells of the spiral organ? Which of the following statements about mechanoreceptors is false? c. primary auditory cortex. The chemical senses include taste and smell. Another physical stimulus that has its own type of receptor is . meissner corpuscles are type of receptors present in the skinf which is r . These sensory receptors are known as the cutaneous receptors and they are found in the epidermis and dermis of the skin. assuming that the spacing of the 16mm16-\mathrm{mm}16mm-diameter rods is increased to 225mm225 \mathrm{~mm}225mm on centers. d. the ability to determine how close or far away an object is. Mechanoreceptors in the skin, muscles, or the walls of blood vessels are examples of this type. Tympanic membrane c. Axons of ganglion cells from the retina of the right eye The points could then be moved closer and re-tested until the subject reports feeling only one point, and the size of the receptive field of a single receptor could be estimated from that distance. What is the receptor of deep pressure? Meissner corpuscles are the mechanoreceptorslocated in the dermis that detect deep pressure and stretch. c. Tympanic membrane a. a lack of depth perception. c. gets higher and louder. The receptive fields of Merkels disks are small with well-defined borders. a. malleus. (credit: modification of work by Don Bliss, National Cancer Institute). 2. - It can be caused by exposure to loud music. b. spiral organ. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. the triangle, given the coordinates of its vertices. Both the upper and lower layers of the skin hold rapidly and slowly adapting receptors. (credit: modification of work by Wbensmith/Wikimedia Commons; scale-bar data from Matt Russell). b. inferior colliculus. The pain and temperature receptors in the dermis of the skin are examples of neurons that have free nerve endings. Special pressure sensors called baroreceptors (or venoatrial stretch receptors) located in the right atrium of the heart detect increases in the volume and pressure of blood returned to the heart. They can also be classified functionally on the basis of the transduction of stimuli, or how the mechanical stimulus, light, or chemical changed the cell membrane potential. What receptors detect touch and pressure? Capsaicin molecules bind to a transmembrane ion channel in nociceptors that is sensitive to temperatures above 37C. Krause end bulbs detect cold. Define all quantities needed. Photoreceptors in the rods and cones in the retina respond to light. If you drag your finger across a textured surface, the skin of your finger will vibrate. e. stapes. These modalities include pressure, vibration, light touch, tickle, itch, temperature, pain, proprioception, and kinesthesia. d. Lacrimal punctum Rods: If two points are felt as two separate points, each is in the receptive field of two separate sensory receptors. 5. basilar membrane -Involved with night vision Rods continuously release the neurotransmitter glutamate. 3 - Tympanic membrane Click and drag the structures involved in the auditory projection pathway to the correct item shown in the figure. -Anterior two-thirds of the tongue The relative density of pressure receptors in different locations on the body can be demonstrated experimentally using a two-point discrimination test. Treated with concave lens. Deeper in the epidermis, near the base, are Ruffini endings, which are also known as bulbous corpuscles. This page titled 36.3: Somatosensation - Somatosensory Receptors is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Boundless. The center of the retina is a pit called the ____________ . An injury to the upper part of the spinal cord may result in quadriplegia, or paralysis of both upper and lower limbs. - They are unmyelinated Glutamate inhibits the bipolar cells that synapse with the rods. The cells that transduce sensory stimuli into the electrochemical signals of the nervous system are classified on the basis of structural or functional aspects of the cells. . Merkel's discs detect sustained touch and pressure. . 2 - Sound waves are amplified due to movement by the auditory ossicles. c. inner hair cells of the spiral organ The __________, the black hole in the eye, is surrounded by the colorful _________. f - Superior olivary nucleus 6. perilymph of scala tympani Drag each label to the appropriate box to indicate whether each statement is associated with rods or cones. d - Cochlear nucleus c. Rod c. Norepinephrine They are rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptors that sense deep, transient (not prolonged) pressure, and high-frequency vibration. (a) To explain how to cure paralysis, (b) To persuade people to wear helmets, (c) To describe the effects of spinal injuries, (d) To describe different types of paralysis. 3. perilymph of scala vestibule The receptors of most sensory systems are located in specialized sensory receptor organs (e.g., the photoreceptors in the eye and the auditory and vestibular hair cells in the inner ear) or within a restricted part of the body (e.g., the taste buds in the mouth and the olfactory receptors in the olfactory mucosa of the nose). c. sensory neurons. - Filiform The papillae that are fewest in number, but contain the most taste buds, are the _________ papillae. 6 - Hair cells in the spiral organ are distorted. - Utricle Endolymph has a __________ sodium and __________ potassium concentration. Is it possible to whirl a bucket of water fast enough in a vertical circle so that the water won't fall out? Chapter 1. what is a wild type receptor? - Pigmented layer of the retina. receptors in the eye respond to a different type of input than receptors in the skin. - Olfactory cells Which of the following are examples of encapsulated receptors? Rapidly adapting light-touch receptors Located in superficial dermis Pacinian corpuscles: Detect deep pressure and vibration Located in deep dermis Epidermis Derived from ectoderm Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 4 or 5 main layers: Stratum basale (stratum germinativum): Deepest layer Germinating layer Note that these warmth detectors are situated deeper in the skin than are the cold detectors. c) Cold. Free nerve endings are usually found in the: The semicircular canals are continuous in the: The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the: - Semicircular canals Pressure, vibration, muscle stretch, and the movement of hair by an external stimulus, are all sensed by mechanoreceptors and perceived as touch or proprioception. ; Sensory receptors can be classified by the type of stimulus that generates a . Vibrations in the perilymph move the: a. tympanic membrane b. basilar membrane c. tectorial membrane d. stapes; What type of stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of the skin? There are fewer Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings in skin than there are Merkels disks and Meissners corpuscles. name and arguments, use TriCirc (A, B, C). Vibration of the tymphanic membrane causes: Chapter 16 - Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Mader's Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology, Chapter 25, Structure and Function of the Car. It joins opsin to retinal. What is commonly referred to as touch involves more than one kind of stimulus and more than one kind of receptor. e - Cochlear branch of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) - DARK The extraction of relevant features from the photoplethysmography signal for estimating certain physiological parameters is a challenging task. what ion is responsible for depolarization of hair cells of the spiral organ? They are found in the walls of the carotid artery and the aorta where they monitor blood pressure, and in the lungs where they detect the degree of lung expansion. If strong enough, the graded potential causes the sensory neuron to produce an action potential that is relayed into the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated with other sensory informationand sometimes higher cognitive functionsto become a conscious perception of that stimulus. This occurs when a stimulus is detected by a receptor which generates a graded potential in a sensory neuron. c. It opens Na+ channels. They are slow to adjust to a stimulus and so are less sensitive to abrupt changes in stimulation. Nociceptors are sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the threat of damage and indirectly also respond to chemicals released from the damaged tissue. Meissners corpuscles are rapidly-adapting, encapsulated neurons that responds to low-frequency vibrations and fine touch; they are located in the glabrous skin on fingertips and eyelids. d. tympanic membrane. - They function well in dim light. b. binocular vision. 4) Bipolar cells. Because of this, it will decrease the ability of other stimuli to elicit pain sensations through the activated nociceptor. Ruffini endings are slow adapting, encapsulated receptors that respond to skin stretch and are present in both the glabrous and hairy skin. - Pharyngotympanic tube MRI image testing does a good job of finding deep vein thrombosis(DVT) in the thigh and pelvis. Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus? Also, what is referred to simply as touch can be further subdivided into pressure, vibration, stretch, and hair-follicle position, on the basis of the type of mechanoreceptors that perceive these touch sensations. What chamber is between the iris and cornea? They are found in the bone periosteum, joint capsules, pancreas and other viscera, breast, and genitals. CN 8 has two divisions, the __________ branch and the __________ branch. We tend to classify receptors according to the location or origin of the stimulus: Exteroceptorsrespond to stimuli from outside the body - vision, sound, touch, smell, temperature, pain etc. Deeper in the dermis, near the base, are Ruffini endings, which are also known as bulbous corpuscles. These injuries may result from sports or recreational activities, motor vehicle crashes, falls, physical assaults, and gunshot wounds. what type of phasic receptors detect light touch, shapes, and textures? -Basilar membrane. -Ciliary body The Slowly Adapting type 2 (SA2) mechanoreceptors, with the Ruffini corpuscle end-organ (also known as the bulbous corpuscles ), detect tension deep in the skin and fascia and respond to skin stretch, but have not been closely linked to either proprioceptive or mechanoreceptive roles in perception. Pain is primarily a chemical and sometimes mechanical sense that interprets the presence of chemicals from tissue damage, or intense mechanical stimuli, through a nociceptor. What is commonly referred to as "touch" involves more than one kind of stimulus and more than one kind of receptor. An interoceptor is one that detects stimuli from internal organs and tissues, such as the receptors that sense the increase in blood pressure in the aorta or carotid sinus. Which structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes? Receptors can be classified structurally on the basis of cell type and their position in relation to stimuli they sense. d. The pain signal will often enter the spinal cord through the incorrect root. -Epiglottis, a. Axons of ganglion cells from nasal halves of both retinas, Which nerve fibers cross in the optic chiasma? d. Fovea centralis E-Book Overview INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE, 3E provides learners with an easy-to-read foundation in the profession of health care. Active Journals Find a Journal Proceedings Series. 4 - Ossicles There are three classes of mechanoreceptors: tactile, proprioceptors, and baroreceptors. (Note that the special senses are all primarily part of the somatic nervous system in that they are consciously perceived through cerebral processes, though some special senses contribute to autonomic function). The lamellar corpuscles (also known as Pacinian corpuscles) in the skin and fascia detect rapid vibrations (of about 200-300 Hz). 1) Fibrous tunic Four of the primary mechanoreceptors in human skin are shown. a. The Merkel nerve endings (also known as Merkel discs) detect sustained pressure. In bright-light conditions, visual acuity is best when light is focused on the ____________ of the eye. Such stretch receptors can also prevent over-contraction of a muscle. Stretch receptors are found at various sites in the digestive and urinary systems. Rhodopsin absorbs light rays : The four major types of tactile mechanoreceptors include: Merkels disks, Meissners corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Pacinian corpuscles. What type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration? They, too, are found primarily in the glabrous skin on the fingertips and eyelids. * acids Sensory receptors are classified into five categories: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, proprioceptors, pain receptors, and chemoreceptors. 6. perilymph of scala tympani * glutamate, EXs associated w/ what taste sensation? These graded potentialscause neurotransmitter to be released onto a sensory neuron causing a graded post-synaptic potential. The posterior cavity contains the __________ canal, a remnant of embryonic development. - LIGHT What type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration? - Neural layer of the retina The sensory fibers connect to the spinal cord through the dorsal root, which is attached to the dorsal root ganglion. Free nerve endings are sensitive to painful stimuli, to hot and cold, and to light touch. For example, the sensation of pain or heat associated with spicy foods involves capsaicin, the active molecule in hot peppers. d. Astigmatism, What may be the cause of hyperopia? Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System, Chapter 12. b. large Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis or superficial fascia): Not part of the integumentary system. All of the following are . 5. oval window Touch receptors are denser in glabrous skin (the type found on human fingertips and lips, for example), which is typically more sensitive and is thicker than hairy skin (4 to 5 mm versus 2 to 3 mm). Both primary somatosensory cortex and secondary cortical areas are responsible for processing the complex picture of stimuli transmitted from the interplay of mechanoreceptors.