, See technical guide for more information on PNDs. The strategy sets out the Government's commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater Youth custody statistics for September 2013 published. A similar trend was seen in male prosecutions over the last five years, where the number of males prosecuted for indictable offences was 25% lower in 2019 than in 2015. Therefore, to ensure comparability with previous years, these police forces are excluded from arrests analyses. Little is known, however, about child custody evaluators beliefs, background, knowledge about domestic violence, and other factors that may shape their recommendations1 regarding custody and parent-child visitation arrangements. This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/women-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2019/women-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2019. In the Crown Court, 90% of crime higher legal aid work related to male clients. A higher proportion of female children were remanded on bail (72%) than male children (38%). This compared to Black females accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions. All organisations within the CJS have increased female representation among senior staff over the last 5 years. , Breakdown by offence type is not available in the CSEW 2019/20 data. The Ministry of Justice aims to avoid the need for revisions to publications unless they are absolutely necessary and put systems and processes in place to minimise the number of revisions. Here are a few examples, per the U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 study: 41.6% of custodial mothers are 40 years old or older. Statistics show that women are awarded child custody in nearly 90 percent of all cases. most serious) remand status. Figure 8.05: Custody rate by sex for indictable offences with the highest number of female offenders sentenced, England and Wales, 2019. The conviction ratio has been consistently higher for female offenders over the last 5 years, and was 88% in 2019, compared to 87% for males. those who deal with civil, family law and criminal cases. In the year ending March 2020 (referred to as 2019/20 throughout), the proportion of adults who were victim of a CSEW crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse) was 13.3%, down from 14.9% the year before, with no significant difference between men and women. Youth justice custody report - August 2014 published. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. In 2019, the proportion of children prosecuted for indictable offences that were females was 10%. Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. 62.9% of custodial fathers are non-Hispanic white men. You have rejected additional cookies. Other increases included a 3 percentage point increase in both magistrates and HMPPS (excluding probation) to 56% and 40%, respectively. In 2019/20, there was a significant difference between males (63.4%) and females (57.3%) who perceived the Criminal Justice System to be fair, as seen in previous years. Finally, children from broken common-law unions (84 percent), as well as children from Quebec (87 percent), were most likely to remain in the custody of their mothers, and there is possibly a link between these two results. Figure 4.05: Number of cautions issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs). This has remained broadly stable since 2015. The proportion of female legal aid recipients in the Crown Court was lower with 10% of the crime higher legal aid workload in 2019[footnote 42]. A higher proportion of females also reported having a child under 18. This proportion has remained very similar over the last 5-year period. There are still more single moms raising children, but it's likely inaccurate that the court is biased toward granting women custody. Consistently, White females and males had the shortest ACSL while Asian females and males had the longest ACSL for indictable offences in 2019 at 20.8 months and 28.4 months, respectively. The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) Equalities report was also released on the same day as this report. , Figures refers only to those with known ethnicity; for this group, ethnicity coverage was 72% in 2019. Time Method View help for Time Method Females in contact with the services more often had suspected alcohol misuse, financial needs, were abuse victims and had mental health needs compared to males. Females reported that it was harder for family and friend to visit them in prison (this may be due to there being fewer female prisons so the average distance from home is greater). Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. Contrastingly, the HMPPS HQ (and Area Services) has a majority female staff, increasing to 59% in 2020. Cautions issued[footnote 33][footnote 34] In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. The main source of referral was the police, accounting for 60% of male and 68% of female young people. More than 500 lay people (59 percent men, 41 percent women) also were recruited online to take part in the study. This proportion was 5 percentage points lower than the proportion of adult females that were prosecuted for indictable offences, at 15%. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. For each age range from 21 and over, males consistently had a larger number of prosecutions (approximately three times more). Caution data cannot be split by simple and conditional, and data broken down by sex is not available for cannabis and khat warnings or community resolutions, therefore these will not be included in the totals. Previous data representing ages 16-59 are therefore incomparable to data after April 2017. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G by gender and disposal category[footnote 98] (Source: Table 7.1). The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. If we become concerned about whether these statistics are still meeting the appropriate standards, we will discuss any concerns with the Authority promptly. It has not been possible to accurately replicate the existing methodology and produce robust estimates in time for this release following changes to the way that data are recorded. Youth Custody Report for July 2013 published. Give detailed and full explanations as to why the revisions were necessary. The publication also contains more detailed information on the make-up of the custody population by legal basis for detention, accommodation type, age group, gender, ethnicity and region of origin. Females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. Figure 6.03: Number of Self-harm individuals in prison per 1,000 prisoners by sex, 2015 to 2019. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. There were 5.4 million custodial parents who were supposed to receive child support in 2017, 1.2 million of which (22.2%) had family incomes below the poverty threshold. My wife has confessed that when she first learned I was a single dad she automatically presumed that mum had died! , Remands data in this section are based on the Crown Courts decision on whether a defendant prosecuted for a criminal offence, should during the court proceeding go on to be placed in custody or released on bail. In 2018/19, a total of 85,900[footnote 28] adults engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which just over a fifth (21%) were females which is a higher proportion than those arrested (please see arrests section of this chapter). In contrast to what is seen for police and magistrates courts remand, females consistently had a higher proportion than males to be bailed at the Crown Court. The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. , The data in this section refers to arrests for notifiable crimes recorded by the police. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. Data are also provided on a trend basis dating back to 2000 to 2001 and 2005 to 2006 onwards for more detailed data. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. Our policy in handling revisions is to be transparent with users about: How and when to expect revisions as part of our standard processes. , Data is from CSEW 2019 annual supplementary tables. This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN with a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 106] and 2014/15 [footnote 107](2% for young females and 5% for young males). It is important to note in the following analysis that there are many young people in the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described and do not go on to offend[footnote 93]. In the same period, 16% of court reports prepared were for females, a proportion which has remained consistent in the last five years. , The data in this section relates to persons remanded in each completed court case rather than to the number of remand decisions (a person may be remanded several times during a case). , Personal crimes are those against an individual that relate to the respondents own personal experience rather than others in the household. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. You have rejected additional cookies. Crime lower covers work carried out by legal aid providers regarding police station advice, magistrates court work and prison law. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. This is true for all stages of timeliness for drug offences. The ACSL for male offenders in 2019 was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. Figure 7.09: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 who receiving Free School Meals, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.2), Special Educational Needs (SEN)[footnote 104]. In 2018/19, 671 individuals were victims of homicide in England and Wales; 64% of which were males and 36%, females (Figure 3.03). (Office of National Statistics) In 2007, 27.6% of children lived with their mother in the UK, while just 2.4% lived only with their father. Youth custody data for June 2017 published. , Questions on the offence category Causing sexual activity without consent were removed from the CSEW 2019/20, therefore the total category of any sexual assault (including attempts) no longer includes this category. Figure 5.08: Median number of days from offence to completion, by offence group and sex, 2019. Drunkenness in charge of a child females made up 67% of the 162 convictions, up 6 pp from 2015. The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. A decrease in prosecutions was also seen for Class B drug offences (1,000 fewer), benefit fraud (1,500 fewer) and absconding from bail (1,200 fewer). This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). , Lancashire Constabulary and Greater Manchester Police were unable to supply complete data for 2018/19 and for 2019/20 respectively. Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. Figure 3.03: Number of homicide offences currently recorded by the police, by sex of victim, 2008/09 to 2018/19. Youth custody report for June 2015 published. , Where sex is known. A consistently lower proportion of female defendants entered a guilty plea over the last 5 years, at 66% in 2019 compared to 71% of male defendants. , Details can be found in the Technical Guide published alongside this report. Britain has the highest proportion of fatherless families (2 million) of any major European country. To avoid inconsistency in the length of their offending histories, for those with an academic year of 2008/09 their offending data has been considered up to 31 August 2016 and for those with an academic year of 2009/10 it has been considered up to 31 August 2017. The custody rate for male offenders was highest for Chinese and Other at 37%. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. Over the last 5 years at Crown Court, there was a steady increase in the proportion of both male and female defendants who were not remanded, with a gradual increase of the proportion remanded in custody, offset by a decrease in the proportion of those bailed. In 2018, the Ministry of Justice published the Female Offender Strategy, which sets out the departments vision and plan to improve outcomes for women in the community and custody. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that leads to a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning within that year or within a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court. , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. In 2019/20, 31,800 individuals were detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983) in England and Wales, a 2% increase when compared to the previous year[footnote 26]. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. The overall levels of attainment for the cohort are slightly higher for the young female group, with 46% achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English and Maths, compared to 43% for young males. Youth custody data - October data published. 2% of crime lower legal aid clients had an unstated sex. Over the last 5 years, these proportions have been gradually increasing. . The most common sentence for summary benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 45% of females and 58% of males convicted for this offence in 2019. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019 Victimisation Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. You have accepted additional cookies. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). An oral report is usually completed within 24 hours of conviction where a limited amount of information is required by the sentencing court. The remains . Figure 7.04: Age distribution of male and female defendants, England and Wales, 2019. This chapter (largely drawing from the Offender Management statistics Quarterly) provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community, by sex. As with adults, the most common offence group was violence against the person, for which 37% of female young people were being dealt with when referred to liaison and diversion services compared to 19% of male young people. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched offender cohort, over half (57% of males and 61% of females) received Free School Meals (FSM). In 2019, the guilty plea rates for indictable-only offences were 57% for males and 61% for females, and for triable-either-way offences they were 74% for males and 67% for females. The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . There is a glossary that explains the definition of each disposal in the technical guide, along with a summary of the data share. Young males receiving less than 12 months in custody were less likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (60% v 67%). Figure 5.05: Crime lower legal aid workload by sex and legal aid category, 2019. , Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics. 20 divorce facts for 2020. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: The following section discusses child offenders at different stages of the Criminal Justice System. Intimate reflects the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator or the nature or the abuse itself. Tests for statistical significance are published in the Victims tables alongside this report. Violent crime was reported by a higher proportion of males (2.1%) than females (1.4%) in 2018/19. These offences accounted for a larger proportion of female arrests, whereas drug offences and sexual offences accounted for larger proportions of male arrests. (2020). , Further information regarding the impacts on published estimates of the ongoing data reforms seen in the criminal courts can be found at the following link: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Plea data is sourced from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin and excludes companies, defendants with unknown sex and unknown plea. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. Figure 5.10: Proportion of offenders sentenced, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentencing outcomes for indictable offences. Young male offenders had a higher proportion with SEN with a statement[footnote 105] overall (17%), compared to young female offenders (7%). This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Figure 9.01: Proportion of practitioners in organisations involved in the CJS of each sex, by organisation, most recent year available vs. five years prior. Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. The proportion of convicted offenders who were female was 27% in 2019 and has remained stable over the last 5 years. They represent experimental statistics and tables on this data are provided in the accompanying overview tables. , For the detailed statistics for specific offences used in this chapter, see the Principal offence proceedings and outcomes by Home Office offence code data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019. (Bieber, 2020) It normally takes one year to complete a divorce. , See the Families and Households 2019 dataset for further information on household types. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. The national divorce rate is 7.6 per 1,000 couples in 2022. The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. , The conviction ratio is defined as the ratio of convictions to prosecutions for a principle offence over one year. This is particularly true in relation to the most serious offence types and sentences, though patterns by sex vary between individual offences. The total prison population as at 30 June 2019[footnote 60] was 82,700. Similar proportions are seen in convictions. The data described comes from various sources including the Home Office. Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. As with crime lower, there has been a decreasing trend in the volume of crown court legal aid. This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. GillespieShields. , Published figures for probation can be found in Offender Management Statistics quarterly. TV licence evasion made up 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. Comparisons with previous years are not possible due to changes in the order of questions asked influencing overall trends. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. In 2019, 13% of females were cautioned or convicted as first time offenders for theft offences, compared with 7% of males. In 2019, 341,000 females (26%) and 968,000 (74%) males were formally dealt with by the CJS, either by an out of court disposal (OOCD) or court proceedings. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Figure 5.07: Remand status at Crown Court, by sex, 2015 to 2019, Outcomes for defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court. Amongst those receiving cautions, discharges and fines, a greater proportion of young female offenders attained 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, than the young male group. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. The difference was greatest amongst those receiving fines, where a greater proportion of young females attained this level (22%) than the young male group (15%). The largest difference between genders in proportions of persistent absence was seen for those who were dealt with by a community penalty. , See technical guide for more information on what this service covers.