Which of the following represent epigenetic changes caused by a pathogen that can affect its ability to cause infection in the host? The length of each rod is about the same: assume 55cm55 \mathrm{~cm}55cm. B Inchworms Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. 15. (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? *The Major Histocompatibility Complex antigens must match to avoid rejection of the transplant. 1. a generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens. *Since viruses are not surrounded by a membrane, the membrane attack complex is ineffective against them. active, passive *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. passive, active acid pH of stomach What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common? *In active immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens and in passive immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. Define the viscosity and osmolarity of blood. False, False helper T cell Nosocomial diseases are acquired from hospital settings. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. (a) How are these toxins similar? Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50 of 1 106 particles. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with chronically inflamed joints. Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever CINO2CINO_2CINO2 (NNN is the central atom), a harmful condition that is spread from one living thing to another. "Even indirect contact with HBV, such as getting spilled blood on a small cut on your hand, is considered a significant sourse of occupational exposure. 2 0 obj Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; hay fever have enzymes which react with antigens. False, True a part of the membrane attack complex of the complement system *The complement proteins "complement" certain other immune responses. Diseases can either be noninfectious (due to genetics and environment) or infectious (due to pathogens). the . which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? Determine the free-vibration response of the triple pendulum shown in given figure for li=l(i=1,2,3)l_i=l(i=1,2,3)li=l(i=1,2,3) and mi=m(i=1,2,3)m_i=m(i=1,2,3)mi=m(i=1,2,3) for the initial conditions 1(0)=2(0)=0\theta_1(0)=\theta_2(0)=01(0)=2(0)=0, 3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)\theta_3(0)=\theta_{30}, \dot{\theta}_i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3). (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Section: 07.03, The acquired defense system only recognizes and destroys cells with antigens that come from outside the body. Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 2: Statistics & Pathophysiology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? false Strep throat is caused by a? adaptive, innate u|m_0 O0"Nff ~#e active Of the three options listed, which is the preferred method to protect employees from exposure to blood or OPIM? Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. is part of the inflammatory response. who should not get vaccinated for meningitis? How much to the bowl? Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. 12. "Unlike HBV for which a vaccination exists, currently there is no vaccination for HCV". An employee, who has an occupational exposure potential with blood or OPIM, does not need to notify their supervisor as to the existence of an open sore. Washing your hands is one of the main ways to prevent from getting sick. Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. ", "According the Centers for Disease Control, how many people living in the United States suffer from chronic HBV? C Fungi D. Giardia. Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? She suspects that the bacterium's fimbriae are a virulence factor. Symptoms: nausea and migraine. They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. they only act internally. Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. Universal precautions Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called a. Section: 07.03, What is the definition of an antigen? ;N>!yOl9;F/QZ~>$l{i"ZIW&t"NJV\fpL[ #T&~3-#b|Cs?^(qVtRgCi)b/)VEf8*5a=b\UZA`p\-X4U%PoHq+*`4#.CG 6Bmt{#&K-S paiYWkv'LgeWIZ IV.# ^Y9+~q)_rAfbomv%el She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Which of the following does NOT fit into the category of other potentially infectious materials? They are both forms of an immune deficiency. The electric component of a beam of polarized light is Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]E_y=(5.00V/m)\sin[(1.00 \times 10^6 m^{-1})z + \omega t]Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. a vaccination. IgE antibodies are responsible for the immediate allergic response and protection against parasitic worms. a. Feces and urine c. Amniotic fluid b. Fluid surrounding heart and lungs d. They must then receive a copy of the evaluation within ___ days, The hepatitis B virus can last for up to seven days outside of the body. perforin, perforin Which of the following is not a bloodborne pathogen? A. hemolysin Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. 6. all of the following may contribute to urinary tract infections except? Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. % In an infection, a microorganism enters a host and begins to multiply. Question: 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? Question: 6, Exposures to bloodborne pathogens can occur from which of the following? B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he A. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. It is important to understand and follow your employer's policies regarding bloodborne pathogens. ", "Hepatitis C, or HCV, has a high rate of chronic infection with an estimated _________ cases in the United States.". passive True The adaptive immune response includes: humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response possess specific receptors. histamine. Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. *Allergic responses are hypersensitivities (greater sensitivities). Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. What is the similarity between mitosis and meiosis? IgG 1. A __________ cannot live without its host for very long. It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. - B cells - antibodies - T-Cells - inflammation 2 See answers Advertisement 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? True 27. Biofilm forms EPS, which allows the bacteria to remain attached to the host tissues. antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. helps other immune responses. 31. Section: 07.05, Which class of antibodies plays a role in activating the complement and clumping cells? The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________. Section: 07.02. Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? ", "In contrast to HIV, the Hepatits B virus has a much higher risk of transmission from something like a needle stick. It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. is composed of normal flora. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. Section: 07.04, Cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. the chemical forms a gas that is inhaled and travels deep into the lungs, Viruses regularly move between animals and humans in mayor but dangerous cases a brothers may undergo a genetic change that increases its risk of causing serious disease in human populations of the following changes in human animal interactions could reasonably be expected to increase the risk of human harm due to virus exposure, Humans now raise large number of animals for food, A medical facility stores material that produce out for radiation these materials are located in room surrounded by thin wooden walls what are the specific rest to a worker walking just outside the room, tobacco smoke is a teratogen. Section: 07.05, Which autoimmune disease is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves? What are pathogens? )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? Section: 07.01. Eukaryotes Phagocytes are both mobile and found in fixed locations throughout the body. Thaks po Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Science. Section: 07.04. -Hand washing Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? A healthcare worker not washing his/her hands. eqR)BZZt[A tonsils and thymus The principal reason the company ran that ad was to attract attention. Find P(X = k) for k = 0, 1, 2, and 3. I will be given an exposure plan by my clinical instructor/coordinator detailing what steps I should take if I am exposed to a potentially infectious source while at my clinical site. All of the following groups are among the most vulnerable to infectious illnesses except? Section: 07.05, Human Anatomy Physiology Laboratory Manual Main Version, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. A. a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cells B. a secondary host the pathogen can infect C. a surface protein the host immune system recognizes D. the ability to form a provirus A 10. List the types of substances to which each of the following chromatographic methods is most applicable: Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. True 4. Some have glycans on their surface which the immune system fails to recognize. 33. sAR@`c&bChM=U,:n^W#*@'P|P\(Fdhv '?t2.qzM57r%e %KO%Li'[Tqo\,j6m 36. interferon Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. Which of the following is not a vaccine recommended for college students? You also discover that it targets liver cells. Which of the following must a pathogen possess in order for it to be successful at causing infectious disease? - 12838571. alexis1713 alexis1713 06/18/2019 Health Middle School answered Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria that causes the infection salmonellosis. Approximately how many people are affected by nosocomial infections each year in the United States? Section: 07.03, What two sites are involved in the production and maturation of T lymphocytes? *Inflammation and the release of histamine is part of the body's innate defenses. the bacterium becoming most resistant to antibiotic treatments, such as penicillin, is known as what? Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. ten percent bleach used as a cleaning agent should be made fresh every the continous links in the chain of infection in order, source, means if transmission, and susceptible host. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. A Mononucleosis Multiple Choice. D Viruses, Which childhood disease causes infantile paralysis? 25. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). The four main functions of inflammation are to protect the body from further damage, remove damaged tissue, repair tissue damage, and prevent the spread of infection. (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? (c) What initiates the period of decline? passive, neutral 7zP$>O Zcm62b* . - it acts as a mutagen and carcinogen An infection is an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease. OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 is directed towards which healthcare concern? A very hot 300 g copper cylinder is dropped into the water, causing the water to boil, with 5.00 g being converted to steam. Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________. Since fungal infections are of a certain type of microorganism, areas o fhte that can be infected include all but which of the following? 10. active Virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be quantified by calculating either the ID50 or LD50 of a pathogen on a given population. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. basophils and macrophages pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? For each of the following pairs of isotopes, indicate which one you think would be radioactive: PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? B red blood cells. Healthcare providers that use the sinks could also pick up the pathogen and transmit the bacterium to patients as well. Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. AIDS and tuberculosis are not autoimmune disorders. Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope? to avoid eating a high concentration of mercury, which food should you select, soybeans watered with water from the river, which of the following approaches could help reduce the risk of malaria in a city without introducing new risks to human populations, search for and remove items that could hold accumulated water. 30. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. Is salt and pepper a heterogeneous mixture? Some helminths are so large that the immune system is ineffective against them. All of the following diseases are primarily spread by animals or insects except? IgE, IgM B Fungi Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? Section: 07.03, Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis.