The regiment's mission is to conduct memorial affairs to honor fallen comrades and ceremonies and special events to represent the U.S. Army, communicating its story to United States citizens and the world. In one operation on 18 September 1968, the brigade uncovered a large enemy supply depot containing fifty-five gallon drums of weapons and ammunition, 2,600 pounds of rice, and three fully equipped hospitals. The 3rd is the oldest regiment still active in the Regular Army, having been first organized as the First American Regiment in 1784. Other persons who have received state funerals the Old Guard has supported included General John J. Pershing, General Douglas MacArthur, Vice President Hubert Humphrey and Medal of Honor recipient Senator Daniel Inouye. var _gaq = _gaq || []; Member Directory. In 1792 the United States Army was reorganized into the Legion of the United States, with the 1st Infantry forming the nucleus of the 1st Sub-Legion. . 2 d Battalion, 1 st Infantry Regiment(Legionaries) Constituted 3 March 1791 in the Regular Army as a company of the 2d Infantry. It remained an element of the 100th Infantry Division throughout the late 1940s and 1950s in the Army Reserve. It was reorganized and redesignated as the Antitank Platoon, 100th Airborne Division, on 31 August 1950. Activated 2 December 1946 at Louisville, Kentucky. The brigade was again deployed to defend Saigon when the NVA launched a new offensive on the South Vietnamese capital in May 1968. On 20 July, the battalion welcomed Lieutenant Colonel Alvin E. Adkins as its new commander. The 196th LIB was activated in August 1965 at Fort Devens, Mass., as a train-and-retain unit tailored to the concept of light infantry's ability to maneuver. John was fatally wounded on May 16, 1968 in the Long An province of South Vietnam. The United States forces lost 6 soldiers and one Indian Police officer killed and another 14 wounded. The 5th Battalion, 12th Infantry was op-conned to the 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division and took part in the Cambodian Incursion from May to June, 1970. The 7th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment in the United States Army. 2nd Battalion 3rd Infantry: Unit - Other: 3rd 22nd infantry, 25th Division: Company: Alpha: Dates with Brigade: 3-70 to Deactivation: Home Town: Jefferson City, Missouri: In the first fourteen hours of the attack, the 199th accounted for over 500 enemy casualties. Detachments from the regiment were serving at Fort Pickens in Florida and in Saluria on the Gulf Coast of Texas when the war began in April 1861. In its 200-year history it has participated in 12 wars, been awarded 76 campaign streamers, and 14 unit decorations. The drum major of the Fife and Drum Corps traditionally bears an espontoon[10] (a historic pike-like weapon) in his right hand to direct and command his unit. The 3d Infantry was credited with the American Theater streamer for its defense of Newfoundland. Find 199th Light Infantry Brigade (LIB) unit information, patches, operation history, veteran photos and more on TogetherWeServed.com. from around the world. On 15 March 2001, 2-3rd Infantry was reactivated with a new generation of soldiers as a part of the 3rd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division at Fort Lewis, Washington. In early August, 2d Battalion, 3d Infantry, with the support of elements of the 48th ARVN Regiment, engaged and destroyed a base camp belonging to the 33d NVA Regiment, accounting for the destruction of 133 bunkers and the capture of weapons, ammunition, and food supplies. During World War II, the 3d Infantry served most of the war as a separate regiment and was not assigned to a combat division until 50 days before the German surrender. He wrote two books about his experiences there: The Only War We Had: A Platoon Leader's Journal of Vietnam (New York: Ivy Books/Random House, 1987); and Vietnam 1969-1970: A Company Commander's Journal (New York: Ivy Books/Random House, 1988). The regiment's reactivation was shortly before the state funeral of General of the Armies John J. Pershing held on 19 July 1948 in which soldiers of the 3d Infantry played a prominent role. Reorganized and Redesignated 31 August 1950 Anti-tank Platoon, 100th Airborne Division. On 20 August 1794, along with the most of the Legion's units under the command of Major General Anthony Wayne, the 1st Sub-Legion was engaged at the decisive victory of the Legion over the Miamis at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The 1st Battalion was located at Fort Ontario, New York. In the reorganization the 1st Sub-Legion was redesignated as the 1st Infantry Regiment. During the American involvement in Vietnam, the 199th LIB proved time and time again that it was one of the finest and most professional infantry units to have ever served in the United States Army. The 3d Battalion was scheduled to activate at Fort Carson as part of the 5th IBCT/4th Infantry Division. Redesignated 23 March 1925 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 199th Brigade. We seek to educate future Americans to fully appreciate the sacrifices that generations of American Soldiers have made to safeguard the freedoms of this Nation. 1 January 1866, to 30 June 1909. pp. Crossing the Rhine on the 31st, the 100th moved toward Stuttgart, where it mopped up the last remnants of German resistance in the area along the Neckar River throughout April 1945. Contrary to the jungle warfare that the brigade had experienced prior to the Tet Offensive, the fighting in Cholon resembled the urban fighting in Germany in the final months of World War II as the soldiers of 3-7 Infantry were engaged in bitter close-quarter, house-to-house fighting. Bond died of his wound within hours of arriving at a field hospital for treatment, making him the first (and only) commander of the 199th to be killed in action, and the fifth Army general officer to be killed during the Vietnam War. It was inactivated on 25 August 1994. On 22 April 1939 the regiment conducted a review for Crown Prince Frederick and Princess Ingrid of Denmark. Units assigned to the 199th Infantry Brigade (Light): 856th Radio Research Detachment (Army Security Agency), 76th Infantry Detachment (Combat Tracker), 3rd Squadron, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), Troop A, 9th Cavalry (previously Troop B, 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry, rest of the squadron disbanded on the same date), 102nd Engineer Company (Company D, 15th Engineer Battalion). [2], During 1969, the 199th was responsible for the security of the region north and east of the capital, and in 1970 moved into the "Iron Triangle" when other units participated in the Cambodian Incursion.[2]. var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); . Headquarters Company 199th: Dates with Brigade: 01/70 to 07/70: Home Town: Chicago: Ahmad, Nadir. Page last modified: On 1 June 1966, the 2nd Battalion was activated at Fort Benning, Georgia and assigned to the 199th Light Infantry Brigade (199th LIB). The remainder of the regiment was sent to Camp Ripley, Minnesota, on 13 September 1941 and returned to Fort Snelling on 26 September. The 2nd Battalion was re-activated on 22 October 1943 at Camp Butner. John was 19 years old. On 15 August 1967, the 11th Infantry Brigade adopted the "light Infantry" concept. Consolidated May-October 1815 with a company each of the 3d and 7th Infantry (both constituted 12 April 1808) and a company of the 44th Infantry . When the American Civil War began, the 3rd Regiment was again called into action. . One of the regiment's officers at this time was 2nd Lieutenant James Van Fleet, who graduated West Point in 1915 and would rise to four-star general during the Korean War.[17]. With the addition of these combat gallant support units, the 199th LIB became the only truly separate and light combat brigade to fight in Vietnam. The Battalion was sited for valor for its actions in Saigon-Long Binh and through their actions in both the Tet and Sanctuary counter offensives. These actions give the regiment campaign credit for the War of 1812. 2nd Battalion 3rd Infantry: Unit - Other: 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment: Dates with Brigade: 03/68 to 03/69: . It also saw action during the German Ardennes counteroffensive near the French town of Bitche in Lorraine from December 1944 through January 1945. This was the first deployment of an element of The Old Guard's 1st Battalion since World War II. There were no casualties among the Chippewa. If you served in 199th Light Infantry Brigade (LIB), Join TWS for free to reconnect with service friends. [15], As of August 1914 the regiment's headquarters, along with the 2nd and 3d Battalions, were located at Madison Barracks, New York. _gaq.push(['gwo._setAccount', 'UA-230305-28']); Note the snaps installed fo make the tricorn shape. [19], On 3 July 1969 while Company D, 2nd Battalion was patrolling in Long Khanh Province during Operation Toan Thang III it was ambushed by the People's Army of Vietnam 33rd Regiment losing nine killed including Corporal Michael Fleming Folland who smothered an enemy hand grenade with his body, he was later posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.[20]. Adkins had previously served in World War II, the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Rather than preserving the existing designations of the Army's oldest units, it was decided instead to consolidate units based on their geographic proximity rather than seniority. '&utmxhash='+escape(h.substr(1)):'')+'" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">')})(); US Army 1965-1975 GRUNT / reenactment / rarities / history 25 After the initial assault was repulsed, the battalion renewed its attack at 1630 with support from helicopter gunships. The Regiment next campaigned in the American West during the Indian Wars, where Company B saw action against the Seminoles, Comanche and the Nez Perce. On 1 June 1966, 2-3rd Infantry was assigned to the 199th Light Infantry Brigade and . When the battalion was reactivated, it utilized facilities formerly occupied by elements of the 25th infantry Division. The Caisson Platoon also provides the riderless horses used in full honors funerals and supports wounded warriors participating in the Therapeutic Riding Program. 199th Light Infantry Brigade. We seek to educate future Americans to fully appreciate the sacrifices that generations of American Soldiers have made to safeguard the freedoms of this Nation. [22], Another historic event occurred on 15 December 2003, when Bravo Company of the 1st Battalion deployed from Fort Myer, Virginia, for duty in the U.S. Central Command area of operations. CopywrightGregoryZelmarPayne2008allrightsreserved. [34], 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard), Unique badges awarded to specific members of "The Old Guard", Current organization of the 3d Infantry Regiment, Regimental Headquarters and Headquarters Company, War of 1812 and reorganization of the Army. After returning from Cuba, the 3d Infantry was stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota. During the drawdown of the 9th Infantry Division at Fort Lewis in 19911992, a residual brigade, based around the division's 3rd Brigade, was briefly active as the 199th Infantry Brigade (Motorized) from 16 February 1991[3] before being reflagged on 16 July 1992 as the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment. 199th (Separate) Light Infantry Brigade "Red Catchers" Lineage and Honors. At the turn of the century, the 3rd Regiment found itself fighting in the Philippine insurrection. Tom Reilly | Vietnam | 3rd Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment, 199th Light Infantry Brigade | 3:44 . The 7th Battalion was activated on 24 November 1967 and assigned to the 6th Infantry Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. During World War I, recent West Point graduate Captain Matthew Ridgway was assigned to the 3d Infantry. The brigade Headquarters and Headquarters Company was transferred to the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command on 9 November 2006 and reactivated on 27 June 2007. He reported to Vietnam where as a second lieutenant he served as an infantry platoon leader and reconnaissance platoon leader. [10] As such, he is the only soldier in all the U.S. Armed Forces authorized to bear a spontoon and to salute with the left hand[11] (although U.S. Navy personnel are allowed to salute with the left hand under certain conditions). Team Battlehard redeployed back to Fort Myer in July 2004. Escort Platoon is a term referring to a platoon of soldiers in the U.S. Army's 3d Infantry Regiment whose primary ceremonial mission is to march in ceremonies or military funerals. 2023 Stars and Stripes. The 199th Infantry Brigade (Light) is a unit of the United States Army which served in the Reserve from 1921-1940, in the active army from 1966 to 1970 (serving in the Vietnam War), briefly in 1991-1992 at Fort Lewis, and from 2007 as an active army training formation at Fort Benning. The regiment was then assigned to duty in the occupation of Germany and was located at Babenhausen. On 27 June 2007, the 11th Infantry Regiment was reflagged as the 199th Infantry Brigade at Fort Benning. As part of its planned spring offensive to regain the initiative, the NVA and VC stepped up attacks against allied forces. It participated in the Siege of Yorktown (part of the Peninsular Campaign), the Battle of Malvern Hill, the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of Cold Harbor and the Battle of Appomattox. It deployed to Iraq again in 2009 and Afghanistan in 2011. On 12-13 May, two companies of 5-12 Infantry were involved in heavy fighting against the veteran 174th NVA Regiment at Fire Support Base (FSB) Brown, a few miles over the border in Cambodia, inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy. As of 9 November 1822, the regiment had 6 companies in Green Bay, two in Sarnac and two in Chicago. Marshals and Indian Policefought in the Battle of Sugar Point against 17 members of the local Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians near the Leech Lake Reservation. Redesignated in 1792 as a company of the Infantry of the 2d Sub-Legion. [25], Charlie Company, 1st Battalion deployed to Camp Taji, Iraq, in 2009 to execute its theater internment support mission. When the tension was increased between the Warsaw Pact and NATO to breakout the war and necessary to be reinforced, the 199th Infantry Brigade will be fully mobilized immediately and sent to Berlin to take on the duty and defend. The 199th Infantry Brigade (Separate) (Light) "Redcatchers" is often one of the most overlooked and underrated U.S. Infantry units to serve during the Vietnam War. Mission - Develop committed, adaptive leaders who live the Army Values, embrace the Army profession, and are ready to lead and influence diverse organizations while visualizing, describing, directing, and assessing tactical operations consistent with the philosophy of mission command. [23][24], In 2007, 1st Battalion's Delta Company was deployed to Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti as part of CJTF-HOA, supporting humanitarian missions and local military training in the region. Page 1 of Site Map; Welcome Home; Media Guide / Photos, Video ect. During the drawdown of the 9th Infantry Division at Fort Lewis in 1991-1992, a residual brigade, based around the division's 3rd Brigade, was briefly active as the 199th Infantry Brigade (Motorized) from 16 February 1991 before being reflagged on 16 July 1992 as the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment.. The 199th Infantry Brigade (Light) is a unit of the United States Army which served in the Army Reserve from 1921 to 1940, in the active army from 1966 to 1970 (serving in the Vietnam War), briefly in 19911992 at Fort Lewis, and from 2007 as an active army training formation at Fort Benning. The 6th Battalion was activated on 24 November 1967 and assigned to the 6th Infantry Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. The structure of 199th Infantry Brigade at that time was: Then-Lieutenant Colonel Peter W. Chiarelli commanded the 2nd Battalion, 1st Infantry. It was redesignated as the 100th Mechanized Reconnaissance Troop in September 1945. It then served in Louisiana and Mississippi from 1874 to 1877, and Montana, Minnesota and South Dakota from 1877 to 1898. This page was last edited on 22 September 2022, at 06:06. On 16 March, Company B was landed by helicopters near M Kh, Qung Ngi Province and proceeded to kill between 60 and 155 civilians in the My Lai Massacre. Enemy mortar and rocket barrages hit the 199th and II Field Force headquarters at 0300 at Long Binh and Bien Hoa Air Base. The 199th later became known as the "Redcatchers" for its mission objectiveto seek out and destroy Communist cadres in Vietnam. 8th Division Road. At the time its total authorized strength was 691 personnel. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. [15], During the SpanishAmerican War, the regiment served in Cuba from 14 June 25 August 1898, where it participated in the Santiago Campaign and fought at the Battle of San Juan Hill.[15]. 2nd Battalion 3rd Infantry: Unit - Other: 11B40 199th Light Weapon Infantry: Dates with Brigade: 7Jul69-3Jul70: Home Town: From 1967 onward, the 199th would be paired battalion for battalion, company for company with an ARVN Ranger unit. The Army Historical Foundation is the designated official fundraising organization for the National Museum of the United States Army. It then served a 15-month deployment in 20062007. After a 31-year hiatus from service, the 2nd Battalion was reactivated on 15 March 2001 as part of the U.S. Army's first Stryker brigade (inactive) combat team. It is known as "The Cottonbalers" from an incident that occurred during the Battle of New Orleans, while . On 24 March 1923, the regiment was assigned to the 7th Division. Whereas the larger divisions usually contained three to four brigades, the 199th LIB took orders specifically from MACV and II Field Force, although some of the units' infantry battalions were op-conned to other units at various times. [13] The platoon serves at presidential funerals, inaugurations, Pentagon retirements, state dinners and state visits at the White House, and during presidential speeches in the Rose Garden, among other duties.[13]. [1], Reconstituted (less 3rd Platoon) 23 March 1966 in the Regular Army as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 199th Infantry Brigade (3rd Platoon, 100th Reconnaissance Company- hereafter separate linage.) On November 6, 1966, the corps-level II Field Force Vietnam took control of the operation until the final action on November 25, 1966. function utmx_section(){}function utmx(){} The 3rd Infantry Regiment, the very first American regiment, was first constituted on 3 June 1784 in the regular Army consisting of companies from Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. However, the brigades Headquarters and Headquarters Company traces its lineage to its initial activation on 24 June 1921 in the Organized Reserves and its assignment to the 100th Division at Huntington, West Virginia. All Rights Reserved. Our funding helps to acquire and conserve Army historical art and artifacts, support Army history educational programs, research, and publication of historical materials on the American Soldier, and provide support and counsel to private and governmental organizations committed to the same goals. EN. Converted and redesignated as the 100th Reconnaissance Troop, 100th Infantry Division, on 23 February 1942, it was reorganized as the 100th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and entered active service on 15 November 1942. We assumed responsibility for Operation Fairfax, defending the approaches to Saigon, until. Vietnam, March 1967: Two soldiers assist a wounded comrade during a mud patrol by C Company, 2nd Battalion, 3rd Infantry, 199th Light Infantry Brigade about 15 miles south of Saigon. After the Civil War, the 3d Infantry served in Kansas, Colorado and the Indian Territory (later the state of Oklahoma) from 1866 to 1874. After distinguishing itself in the first conflict of the war, the 3rd Regiment went on to fight in every major conflict until the war ended. The 4th Battalion of The Old Guard was officially activated at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, on 1 July 1966, and commanded by LTC Harold J. Meyer. [4][7], Memorial affairs missions include standard and full honors funerals in Arlington National Cemetery and dignified transfers at Dover Air Force Base. On 7 July 1967, the battalion conducted a farewell review for its departing commander, Lieutenant Colonel Meyer and simultaneously Major C. Hartsfield assumed interim command of the battalion. The brigade was comprised of 2d Battalion, 3d Infantry; 3d Battalion, 7th Infantry; and 4th and 5th Battalions, 12th Infantry, which formed the backbone of the brigade. The brigade was deactivated in 1970 until it was reactivated in 1991 and 2006, but some and few units of the 199th Infantry Brigade were retained by the army. It was reorganized and redesignated on 23 November 1866 as Company E, 37th Infantry. Organized specifically for Vietnam . By 31 December 1966, the battalion strength had increased to 37 officers, two warrant officers and 492 enlisted men. The regiment arrived in Le Havre, France on 18 March 1945, and was attached to the reconstituted 106th Infantry Division with the mission of containing the isolated German garrison at St. Nazaire. It was relieved on 1 October 1933 from assignment to the 6th Division and reassigned back to the 7th Division. 199th Infantry Brigade History (Condensed). _gaq.push(['gwo._setDomainName', 'none']); During the period of 1 July 1966 through 10 September 1966, the battalion conducted preparation for Basic Unit Training since most of the Old Guard's lower enlisted personnel had never served with a regular unit. Although The Old Guard primarily functions in a ceremonial role, it is an infantry unit and thus required to meet standards for certification in its combat role. The 1st Battalion was inactivated 1 June 1941 at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, with its soldiers being assigned to the 63rd Infantry and was re-activated 14 February 1942 in Newfoundland. [16], In 1916, the 3d Infantry, then commanded by Colonel Julius Penn, was sent to the Texas-Mexico Border during the Pancho Villa Expedition and guarded against a possible invasion. Renewing the offensive toward Germany, the division took Bitche on 16 March 1945. It is also interesting to note that two of the Brigades commanding officers were WIA, one Deputy Commander was WIA and one Commanding General was KIA (BG William R. Bond-1 April, 1970. The regiment arrived in Boston on 17 September 1943 and moved to Camp Butner, North Carolina, on 22 September 1943 where it was attached to the XII Corps. The battalion consisted initially of Headquarters and Headquarters Company and A Company, containing one officer/five enlisted men and twenty one enlisted men respectively. At any given time from 1966-1970, the brigade's roster consisted of approximately 4300 combat-ready soldiers. On order, it conducts defense in support of civil authorities in the National Capital Region and deploys elements in support of overseas contingency operations. (The 199th LIB was not at any time in its history associated with any of the other Brigades that fought valiantly with the Americal Division in I Corps). 2nd Battalion 3rd Infantry: Unit - Other: 152nd Military Police Platoon: Company: B: Dates with Brigade: . Died in the Vietnam War C Co 3rd Inf. 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; The 3rd United States Infantry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army. utmx_section("Legacy Footer"), 199th LIGHT INFANTRY BRIGADE NATIONAL HALL OF HONOR. 3-11 Open Door Policy. [26], In December 2011, 2nd Battalion deployed to Kandahar Province in Afghanistan, where they were responsible for providing base security for U.S. Army Special Forces and U.S. Navy SEALs who were engaged in village stability operations.[22]. During this phase of its deployment, the brigade conducted reconnaissance-in-force operations, destroying enemy bunkers and supply caches as well as interdicting VC and NVA soldiers trying to infiltrate the area. The Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps marches in Colonial style red coated uniformsto be "better seen through the smoke of battle"; the uniforms also include cocked hats and white powdered wigs. (function() { It was inactivated on 1 April 1963 at Santa Barbara, California, and relieved from assignment to the 63rd Infantry Division. 199th Light Infantry Brigade. Several days later, on 21 May, another company of 5-12 Infantry became embroiled in a firefight on Hill 428, several miles northwest of FSB Brown. _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'none']); _gaq.push(['gwo._trackPageview', '/2354831680/test']); The 199th currently serves as a combined arms leadership development formation for new Army officers and noncommissioned officers at the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence at Fort Benning, Georgia. The Army Historical Foundation is the designated official fundraising organization for the National Museum of the United States Army. Gallantry: Biden presents Medal of Honor to retired Army Col. Paris Davis for his heroics in Vietnam, US to send bridge-launching vehicles for tank deployments to Ukraine in new $400M aid package, Japan complains to US over Utah senators remarks on imprisoned Navy officer, Military, VA provide troops, vets more gun safety options to help reduce suicides, Pentagon tells service members to stop displaying giant US flags at major events, K-Town Now features the latest news from the Kaiserslautern Military Community. Old Guard soldiers also perform all dignified transfers of fallen soldiers returning to the United States.[8]. Reorganized and Redesignated 7 September 1945 as the 100th Mechanized Reconnaissance Troop. It was the epitome of U.S. Army Infantry units to fight in Southeast Asia during the American involvement there. Davidson was later promoted to brigadier general on 15 September 1968 and assigned to command the 199th by General Creighton W. Abrams, Jr., the new commander of MACV, making him the third African American general officer in the history of the U.S. armed forces and the first to lead white troops into combat. . Men of Company "D", 2nd Battalion, 3rd Infantry deploy near Long Binh, October 1969.jpg 1,397 933; 97 KB NARA 111-CCV-606-CC54808 199th Light Infantry Brigade soldiers wading through stream during cordon and search January 1969.jpg 1,426 1,816; 240 KB Hospital Steward (later Major) Oscar Burkard received the Medal of Honor for rescuing casualties during the battle. Cholon was finally cleared of VC resistance by 7 March, but sporadic fighting in Saigon continued for the rest of the month. The 2nd Battalion began redeployment back to the United States in October 2004. Further by removing the 4.2" mortar and reconnaissance platoons and the ground surveillance section from the former headquarters company, a combat support company, Echo, was created with these two changes to the battalion, the revised strength authorization totaled 44 officers, 1 warrant officer and 886 enlisted men. The brigade saw its first casualties in the initial month of the operation when a company from 4th Battalion, 12th Infantry, was caught in an ambush in the Thu Duc district of Saigon.
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