Physical dependence is a physiological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms, such as pain or craving. B. Your knowledge of the alphabet and multiplication tables is most likely to be stored in your B. stimulants. B. depressants Tranquilizers and alcohol are Organisms learn about the consequences of behavior through C. It usually begins with reinforcement and ends with extinction. A. sleep apnea. C. Drug use among teens is associated with unplanned pregnancy, depression, and school-related difficulties. B. autobiographical WebA. B. declarative memory/nondeclarative memory D. amphetamines, 79. C. Dissociated/neodissociated Psychological dependence is the strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons. As Carlton is just about to fall asleep, he experiences an overwhelming feeling of wellness and a sense that everything is going to work out. D. are a certified psychic. Altered states of consciousness can be produced by She loves the music it D. retrieval failures. accident are intact, she is no longer able to form new, long-term memories. A. opiate A. more emotional. misbehavior toward his little brother decreases. The EEG (electroencephalogram) data of a hypnotized person indicates a predominance of alpha and beta waves. D. It produces high, steady rates of behavior that are more resistant to extinction than the other B. conditioned stimulus. A. stimulants. He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music. B. C. have no effect on C. non-REM sequence. As a physiological state, meditation shows qualities of sleep and wakefulness, yet it is distinct from both. B. In the Water Kingdom Amusement Park, when two sea lions throw and catch balls on their nose, B. unconditioned stimulus. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which individuals B. Leonard took his dose too soon and his body already had too much. Why do psychoactive drugs make people feel good? C. an organism reverts to instinctive behavior that interferes with learning. B. working memory A. depressant. College students who consume large amounts of alcohol on weekends are abusing which type(s) of drugs? information that was learned earlier. C. insomnia D. conditioned oppression. C. Margaret will have difficulty adding numbers. cognitive tasks. A. sensory Your father falls asleep watching TV. C. Dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams under the cognitive theory. C. the relatively stable, observable changes in a person's actions Dr. Harper hypnotizes her to interact with the other Which of the following statements is true of daydreaming? Helen, a call center employee working in day shift, has been asked to work a night shift on Tuesday. D. Reinforcement. B. controlled processes. A. Mindfulness A. a drug no longer causes a person to get high, but they take it again. C. Keiko, who is daydreaming about her upcoming vacation this weekend B. A. do not require selective attention. D. They are most effective in curing somnambulism and somniloquy. C. night terror. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. C. Your mother takes a nap after spending long hours surfing the Internet. His mother notices Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in addiction? B. Sophia, who began drinking at age 65 Which of the following is true of elaboration in memory? C. depressants D. theory of activation-synthesis. B. increase central-nervous-system activity/slow down central-nervous-system activity Recollections of one's first family vacation to Disneyland are most likely part of one's A. our conscious thoughts and feelings. D. dreaming. D. narcotics. A. He will invite all of his friends over that night for another party. True Statement (S) Drag Appropriate Answer (S) Here If Someone Is Afraid Of Being Hypnotized, The Hypnosis Will Probably Not Work. Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. A. using Miller's framework for memory retrieval. D. Working memory's storage capacity is virtually unlimited. After someone wakes up from hypnosis, he or she may have involuntary reactions to a stimulus but not remember why. He always uses a specific amount often anticipate that we will hear thunder soon afterward. Implicit memory is a person's knowledge about the world. A. Sigmund Freud's theory Insomnia is a disorder involving 68. B. the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave. D. hallucinogen. C. Daniel is writing an essay on the dinosaurs he learned about last week. learning? D. operant conditioning. D. somnambulism. A. B. dormant rhythm. C. daydreaming. D. no awareness. REM dreams are typically longer, more vivid, more physically active, more emotionally charged, and less related to waking life than non-REM dreams. She is Which of the following is true of the term "levels of processing" in memory? B. dreams are random. remember new information better and faster. Extinction What is the likely cause of these complaints? 106. 90. 38. D) It confuses witnesses, who end up providing inaccurate details about a crime. According to decay theory, why do memories fade? Working memory has a limited capacity, similar to the RAM of a computer. people under hypnosis want to tell the truth: true or false. D. classical conditioning. It is a special form of episodic memory. Which of the following is true of implicit memory? After someone wakes up from hypnosis, he or she may have involuntary reactions to a stimulus but not remember why. The contestant starts singing with confidence even though she has never sung publicly before. Specialists refer to sleep stages 1-4 as non-REM sleep. D.Sleep deprivation syndrome, 54. At least three lines of research support the notion that sleep serves a restorative function. Which of the following regions of the brain are involved in meditation? D. negative punishment. A. Elaboration becomes difficult when self-reference techniques are used. C. more than four drinks in a row D. Aversive conditioning. B. WebQuestion: Identify a true statement about hypnosis. Since the surgery, she has D. hypnosis involves a special state of consciousness in which consciousness is split into separate components. B. negative punishment. D. may cause Helen to be at increased risk for heart disease. B. implicit memory. 25. A pig shoves an object on the ground instead of learning to carry it in his mouth. C. working memory. C. Generalization C. procedural A. B. rehearsal/elaboration A. negative punishment. Moesha is most likely suffering from A. REM sleep decreases as the night progresses. 37. A. discovery learning. D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors. B. the amygdala and hippocampus 14. D. a placebo effect, A. removal of a psychoactive drug from diet, 98. She recently began taking medication to help her sleep. D. thalamus and limbic system. A. Replication A. Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer's block. 36. The set is on sale for$44.95. D. stage 5 and stage 6. A. generalization. This is an example of 46. In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was the ________ before conditioning and B. H.M. could not learn new physical tasks. A. an organism performs a reinforced behavior in a different situation. Ricardo broke his wrist while rollerblading in the park. Kevin suffers from _____. Which disorder has Jerry most likely developed? D. Psychology and medicine recognize hypnosis as a legitimate process. C. have a script for what happens in a restaurant. A. B. insomnia. D. hallucinogen. B. depressant When we are taking a math test, we are engaged in a high-level consciousness activity. 21. B. amygdala/hippocampus Hypnotizability refers to the extent to which a person's responses are changed when he or she is hypnotized. Which of the following can best explain her behavior? D. mental structuring. After Someone Wakes Up From Hypnosis, He Or She May Have Involuntary Reactions To A Stimulus But Not Remember Why. D. within three hours of falling asleep. The remaining 12 pairs of skates are marked down to 50% of the original selling price and are finally sold. B. Endosymbiosis D. explicit. must decay and make room for new memories. D. fixed-interval, ________ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. D. Somnambulisms/Night terrors. You don't censor yourself or Altered states of consciousness can be produced by B. occipital lobe and temporal lobe. B. automatic processes. Belinda and John were best friends through their school years. A. Belinda's confusion with these C. Self-reference Scolding Todd is an example of Which of the following is the main reason that hampers the use of rehearsal as a tool for retaining B. depressant B. GABA C. Daydreaming most often occurs in the form of mind wandering. 112. D. the result of mental activities such as thinking and reasoning. According to Bandura's model of observational learning, what are the four primary processes B. secondary The most widely used stimulants in the world are _____ and _____. B. It occurs usually due to the use of sleeping pills. The ability to type a text message on a cell phone without even looking at the keypad is an example of A. complete lack of awareness. Drug addiction occurs when D. Hypnosis produces a state of consciousness dissimilar to other states of consciousness. If Gary described his dream to a psychotherapist, the therapist would tell him that what he had dreamed about was his fear of financial issues and not being able to pay all his bills. 30 ( Society of Psychological Hypnosis ), hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests while treating someone, that he or she experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or behavior. names may be attributed to the occurrence of Individuals normally spend about 20 percent of sleep in light sleep. A. ambiguity effect Larry is grounded each time he hits his little brother. Discuss the distinctions among depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. normal "safe" dose of heroin but almost died of an overdose. B. demonstrating automatic processing. Falling asleep all of a sudden while talking to a friend is most likely an example of B. discovery learning. After the surgery, his epilepsy was cured, but his memory was impaired. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. private experiences. Sleep serves many functions, including restoration, adaptation, growth, and memory consolidation. A. episodic memory/semantic memory 32. She is experiencing an altered state of consciousness. D. a sealskin coat, In the experiment with little Albert conducted by Watson and Rayner, ________ was used as an stimulus (US) is on its way. B. damaging property Thus, whereas Freud suggests that our dreams have deep unconscious meaning and cognitive theory claims that our dreams are an attempt to make sense of our conscious lives, activation-synthesis theory suggests that our dreams are merely a form of "cognitive trash" that has little to no meaning. Betty is most likely B. explicit memory A. somniloquy In a television reality show, Trevor, the host, puts one of his contestants in a trance and asks her to pretend to be a D. the bell had become a conditioned response. C.They interfere with other ongoing activities. D. divided attention. _____, such as Nembutal and Seconal, are depressant drugs that decrease central-nervous-system activity. words for your French test, you realize that the French words are disrupting the memory of the Spanish 125. Latent Content: What a dream symbolizes. The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that Grounding Larry is an example of C. a state called hypnagogic reverie. mother removes a flower from the arrangement and takes it over for her baby to smell. Which of the following statements is true of marijuana? A. hippocampus/corpus callosum C.insomnia. A. flashbulb memory control over negative outcomes. C. more than two drinks in a row house. B. sleep apneA.C.a state called hypnagogic reverie. D. cerebral cortex. Subconscious awareness can occur when people are awake, as well as when they are sleeping and dreaming. D) It confuses witnesses, who end up providing inaccurate details about a crime. D. intermediary, ________ is considered a secondary rienforcer. D. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. B. C. Money play a very important role in ________ memory. After several weeks of taking the drug, she noticed that she no longer fits into most of her A. high consciousness D. stimulant. B. Ebbinghau's curve of forgetting They aggravate body pain. D. Organisms learn to act by imitating others. B. conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus C. neutral stimulus. A. infantile amnesia. Which of the following is true of observational learning? The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. D. depressant. _____ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. Do we dream during each type of sleep? Taste aversion is an example of your computer for 15 minutes and write whatever comes into your head. A. Sleepwalking occurs during _____ of the sleep cycle. In the context of operant conditioning, Shirley's behavior exemplifies C. the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory A. classical conditioning. B. norepinephrine The fact that your A. lower-level consciousness D. subconscious awareness. alarm sound. They increase epinephrine in the brain's reward pathways. The drug also enhances his level of activity and pleasurable B. sleeping. C. physical and/or psychological dependence develops. A. psychological dependence. 7 and 12 C. melatonin C.night terrors A. Psychological/physical feelings. C. He will want to drink more tequila right away. 101. D. lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). A. dietary changes. Sexual satisfaction D. Your sister bumps into a door when she has a high fever. experience. Which of the following is true of the visuo-spatial sketchpad? called ________, in which the organism, exposed to uncontrollable aversive stimuli, learns that it has no become good friends with her colleague, Jim. A. voluntary behavior. What is the markdown? the best subjects are people who have a reason to go under hypnosis: true or false. D. emotional system. B. quickly scanning information for relevant details. B. latent learning. by delta waves. B. are slower than automatic processes. A. elevation of serotonin in the prefrontal cortex. Daydreaming would be considered an example of which of the following levels of awareness? D. periodic attacks of uncontrollable sleepiness. A. neural activity begins with the brain. The contestant is in a state of 75. B. stage 2 sleep. Hypnosis can not be practiced on everyone, as usually only highly suggestible people respond to it. It also is called hypnotherapy. This is known as divided consciousness. B. how cannibalized worms can pass on skills they had learned to the cannibals. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. B) It can help to cure cocaine addiction. D. amphetamines, What is the most widely used drug in the United States? 3. September 11, 2001. She reclines in her chair and within minutes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. Long-term potentiation is a concept that explains A. conditioned response. B. Freud's psychoanalytic theory A. stimulant A. stage 3 sleep. Ian's behavior exemplifies Which of the following medications is she most likely taking? As Boris has never played chess B. 72. C. Dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams under the cognitive theory. tequila bottle that he drank out of last night? A. inhalants. 23. D. unconditioned response. B. retrograde amnesia. This illustrates the concept of. C. are the lowest or least alert state of human consciousness. Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. Which of the following structures of memory is autobiographical? C. intermediary attention and which should be ignored. B. B. Elaboration can occur at any level of processing. B. semantic memory/episodic memory B. short-term memory A. Surprising as it might be, hypnosis has a high success rate on people that want to quit smoking or vaping. C. William James's theory According to research on alcoholism, which of the following individuals is most likely to become dependent on alcohol? The effect of the heroin was increased because Leonard injected it in a strange environment C. raising your hand before asking a question in a classroom setting Manifest Content: The literal content of D. our biological urges and needs. A. unreinforced learning that is not immediately reflected in behavior. These drugs can affect people cognitively. Individuals with "discovered" memories experience them as real, whether or not the B. REM sleep decreases as the night progresses. B. behavior is called C. retrieving 115. Jacob warns her that repeated use of this drug could have lasting negative effects on the neurotransmitter B. Jackson, who is hypnotized in his therapist's office The ability to listen to music while reading a magazine indicates A. daydreaming. The two hemispheres can no longer relay information back and forth. D. Semantic, meaningful, and symbolic characteristics are used in shallow processing. loudly as soon as she sees it. therapist listens and then offers the interpretation that this dream signifies Homer's unconscious desires to be free of his A. parallel distributed processing (PDP) C. the cognitive theory of dreaming A father takes his baby out for a walk. A. A trained and certified hypnotist or hypnotherapist guides you into this deep state of focus and relaxation with verbal cues, repetition and imagery. A. semantic memory/long-term memory Her biological clock has become desynchronized. B. more visual. C. stores information so that it can be retained over time. Lily has been battling insomnia for a very long time. She will minimize distractions in her office and make Mitchell comfortable. It can only be used to store verbal information for half a minute or less. She spends most of the day thinking how she is going to make the payments. soon be there to take your order. 11. C. sustained attention. C. hallucinogens. B. D. stimulant, College students who consume large amounts of alcohol on weekends are abusing which type(s) of What type of long-term memory has primarily 31. Luke, who frequently takes drugs, keeps complaining that his drapes are growing tentacles that are threatening to strangle him. A. transience. C) It is known to negatively affect the performances of athletes. Mitchell wants to quit smoking, so his therapist decides to try hypnosis as a form of treatment. C. the horses Automatic processes require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities. B. D. A meditative state is exactly similar to the hypnotic state. C. baby's crying. involved in observational learning? C. sensory memory/long-term memory A.Sleep apnea personalities that she exhibits as a result of her condition. A. instinctive learning. D. are slower than automatic processes. 88. A. Daydreaming lies between the subconscious awareness state and the altered state of consciousness. The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. B. Margaret will have difficulty with emotional memories. ________ is a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant B. occur during REM sleep. WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. D. declarative memory, A person's knowledge about the world is known as ________ memory. B. dopamine _______ refers to the formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at any They decrease the risk of exposure to HIV. B. In the context of observational learning, retention is a process in which D. dreams are caused by neurotransmitter levels. A. more than two drinks in a row Which of the following would be an example of no awareness or an "unconscious" state of mind? A. the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. Which of the following drugs did he most likely take? B. B. learning to ride a bike by watching your older brother do so If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. Multiple Choice A) It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth. A. the social-cognitive-behavior view of hypnosis. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. Classical conditioning True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. that he can get the full 20% bonus as promised by his employer. Which of the following statements about classical conditioning in humans is FALSE? D. Jeff wakes up a few seconds before his alarm clock goes off in order to avoid the obnoxious Automatic processes occur at a lower level of awareness than controlled processes, but they are still conscious behaviors. D. Deborah is watching a movie in the theater. D. recognition/recall. A. storage failures. ________, a third element of observational learning, is the process of imitating the model's actions. Although Lucy's memories of her life before the Lucy suffers from Which of the following statements about psychoactive drug use is FALSE? B. strongly increase D. conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus, ________ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the Proactive and retroactive interference are examples of memory. 111. asleep and awakens frequently during the night. B. REM sleep is an active stage of sleep during which dreaming does not occur. discovered that most of her classmates have ________ of September 11, 2001. C. may cause Helen to be at increased risk for heart disease. A criticism of activation-synthesis theory is that surprised to learn that nearly all of the students she interviewed offer very detailed, vivid accounts of D. Stacey's tests are dependent on how well Stacey can retrieve previously learned information. example of a ________ task, whereas asking an eyewitness to identify a suspect on the basis of a lineup Define the five levels of awareness and give an example of each. Heather reported a boost in energy and a sense of well-being after taking a drug. A. Barney rapidly increases the sales of his product and ensures complete sale of his stock so It was first conceptualized by Ivan Pavlov. B. scripts A. retention. C. modify a person's perceptual experience/slow down central-nervous-system activity B. a learner encodes the information to reproduce a model's actions. and within minutes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. D. removal of a psychoactive drug from diet, Psychologists who examine learning from a behavioral perspective define learning as remembering how. What is psychological dependence and physical dependence of psychoactive drugs? Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys. They enhance decision making. C. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and stomach enzymes. B. opiate conditioned stimulus. 74. REM sleep is initiated by a rise in _____, which activates the cerebral cortex while the rest of the brain remains relatively inactive. B. automatic processes. True Statement (S) Drag Appropriate Answer (S) Here If Someone Is Afraid Of Being Hypnotized, The Hypnosis Will Probably Not Work. B. will result in decreasing levels of cortisol in the body. A. ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens. A. depressants. 13. D. more than three drinks in a row, 82. Because controlled processes require attention and effort, they are typically slower than automatic processes. Theory of activation-synthesis B. neutral stimuli become associated with unlearned, involuntary responses. B. encoding failures. B. you are asked to recall the name of a person you just met a few seconds ago, you rely on ________. Experience with unavoidable negative stimuli can lead to a particular deficit in avoidance learning 94. exemplifies B. attention, retention, generalization, and discrimination 87. 53. D. longer. A. Non-REM Dreams: The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep. Stimulants, like caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine, increase activity in the central nervous system. Which of the following is true of a night's sleep? before, Jacob explains the rules of the game to him. A. automatic processes. people under hypnosis want to tell the truth: true or false. True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. 59. C. observational learning B. altered states of consciousness. Moesha has been feeling very stressed about an important project at work. A. Nightmares/Night terrors D. automatic processing. C. dietary changes. C. implicit but not explicit memories D. The visual spatial sketchpad depends on the phonological loop for its operations. D. Classical conditioning can explain drug habituation. _____, such as Valium, are depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation.
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